BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)
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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common causes of vertigo, a condition that creates the sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an inner-ear problem that causes short periods of dizziness when your head is moved in certain positions. It occurs most commonly when lying down, turning over in bed, or looking up. This dizzy sensation is called vertigo. Fortunately, most people recover from BPPV with a simple but very specific head and neck maneuver performed by a Physical Therapist.
What Causes It?
BPPV is thought to be caused by small fragments of debris (calcium carbonate crystals), which break off from the lining of the channels in your inner ear. The fragments don’t usually cause a problem, unless they get into one of the ear’s fluid-filled canals.
The inner ear contains specialized structures that help your brain determine your body’s position and movement. Tiny calcium crystals normally rest within one part of the inner ear, helping detect gravity and motion. When these crystals become displaced, they can move into the fluid-filled semicircular canals, where they interfere with normal balance signals.
- BPPV may develop as a result of:
- Age-related changes within the inner ear
- Head injuries or concussions
- Inner ear infections
- Prolonged bed rest
- Previous episodes of vertigo
- Sometimes with no identifiable cause
Although anyone can develop BPPV, it is more common in adults over the age of 50 and is one of the leading causes of dizziness in older adults.
Although the symptoms can be alarming, BPPV is considered a benign condition and is highly treatable with specialized physical therapy. At Alton Physical Therapy, our therapists use evidence-based vestibular rehabilitation techniques to accurately diagnose and treat BPPV, helping patients safely return to their normal daily activities.
Common Symptoms
of BPPV
- A spinning sensation (vertigo)
- Dizziness when rolling over in bed
- Vertigo when looking up or bending down
- Loss of balance or unsteadiness
- Nausea or motion sensitivity
- Feeling lightheaded during position changes
- Difficulty walking confidently
- Increased risk of falls
If you experience persistent dizziness, sudden hearing loss, severe headaches, weakness, numbness, or vision changes, seek immediate medical attention, as these symptoms may indicate a condition other than BPPV.
BPPV Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. Physical therapy is one of the most effective treatments for BPPV. Specialized repositioning maneuvers and vestibular rehabilitation exercises often resolve symptoms quickly while reducing the likelihood of future episodes.
Many patients experience significant improvement after one to three visits. However, treatment recommendations vary depending on your symptoms, medical history, and response to therapy.
While BPPV itself is not typically dangerous, the dizziness it causes can increase your risk of falls and make everyday activities difficult. Prompt treatment can help restore balance and reduce these risks.
Some cases improve without treatment, but symptoms may persist for weeks or months. Physical therapy often provides faster symptom relief and helps restore normal function sooner.
Yes. Some people experience recurring episodes months or even years later. Fortunately, physical therapy remains highly effective for treating recurrent BPPV.
The Epley Maneuver is a series of carefully guided head and body movements performed by a trained physical therapist to move displaced inner ear crystals back to their proper location. It is one of the most common and effective treatments for BPPV.
Illinois allows many patients to begin physical therapy through Direct Access without first obtaining a physician referral. Our staff can help determine your eligibility and verify your insurance benefits.